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#187 February 2006

Embedded Programming

Table of Contents


Task Manager
Become a Better Embedded Programmer, by Jennifer Huber

Priority Interrupt
50 Years of Invention, by Steve Ciarcia

New Product News, edited by John Gorsky

Multifunctional Home Control System
Jack Benjamin & Michael Benjamin
Do you really want to take on a project like building a home control system? Jack and Michal thought it was worth it to get a customized system that works with their lifestyle. It controls their alarms, shades, utilities, and more. Wait until you learn about what they’re planning next. p.14

Keywords: Home control, direct wire, I/O, ENDAT-3201MH, PCI-1753, PCI-1753E, buffer, relay, optocoupler, keypad, LCD, Windows, XML, scheduler, alarm

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APPLIED PCs
Discover True 16-Bit Functionality
Explorer 16 Offers Welcome Flexibility
Fred Eady
With Microchip Technology’s Explorer 16 development board, you now have true 16-bit mode functionality. Fred takes you inside. The inexpensive board features the new PIC24FJ128GA010 microcontroller and dsPIC33F128GP710 digital signal controller PIMs. p. 22

Keywords: Explorer 16 development board, PIC24FJ128GA010, dsPIC33F128GP710, 16 bit, memory, program space visiblility, C compiler

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ABOVE THE GROUND PLANE
Sampled Data Bandwidth
Filtering
Ed Nisley
In his last article, Ed described the horrors of an unfiltered system. This month he examines what happens with both good and bad filters. p. 28

Keywords: Sampling, data, bandwidth, filtering, sample-and-hold, harmonics, Nyquist, Butterworth, antialiasing, images, oversampling

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FROM THE BENCH
Power Over Ethernet Primer
Jeff Bachiochi
Sick of dealing with wall warts? Try power over Ethernet (PoE). Many devices (e.g., security cameras) are now PoE-compatible. Jeff shows you how to establish PoE on an Ethernet link between a hub and an endpoint device. p. 34

Keywords: Power over Ethernet, PoE, Cat 5, wiring, power management, TPS2384, PD, PSE, TPS2375

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SILICON UPDATE
Something Old, Something New
PDF available
Tom Cantrell
Naysayers are eulogizing the dearly beloved 8-bit microcontroller. Once again, Tom says not so fast. A new generation of chips proves there’s still a long life ahead for the 8-bit MCU. p. 40

Keywords: 8-bit microcontrollers, PIC24, dsPIC, MC9S08QG, C8051F316/F317, SSP1492, mixed signal, CC2430, ZigBee, IEEE 802.15.4, motor control, Z8 Encore! MC, MSP430F20xx, H8, PSoC, AVR

—Feature Article —
Robust Bootloader for FPGAs

Read it now!

by Colin O'Flynn
Colin built his LoonBoard Unified Bootloader (LUB) to program Xilinx FPGAs. The LUB, which takes only 207 words of program memory, can self-calibrate its internal RC oscillator. p. 44

Keywords: Bootloader, LoonBoard, LUB, ATmega88, Xilinx FPGA, AT45DB041B, memory, DataFlash, communications, self-calibration, AVR-GCC, X1226

Embedded Object-Oriented Programming
Chris Cantrell
To be an effective software engineer, you must have the right tools on hand for generating top-notch code. Object-oriented programming is one such tool. Chris explains how to use object-oriented programming to take your embedded designs to the next level. p. 52

Keywords: Object-Oriented Programming, OOP, classes, C++, inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, memory management, Xport robot controller, Game Boy

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Rooting Around
Integer Square Roots on Small Processors
Michael Dvorsky

There are numerous ways to compute square roots. Have you ever tried the sum-of-odds method? What about the bisection method? Michael goes over the basics and shows you how to choose algorithms to suit your particular applications. p. 60

Keywords: Square root, algorithm, Newton-Raphson method, sum-of-odds, bisection, RMS, AVR GCC, ATmega8, AT90S8515

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Output Real Numbers
Mariano Barron

When Mariano first started developing his talking calculator, he used the scanf and printf functions to enter numbers from the keyboard and show the results on the display. But he soon discovered that using the printf function to output real numbers was soaking up a lot of code memory. Implementing the float-to-ASCII (ftoa) function solved the problem. p. 67

Keywords: C, I/O functions, ftoa, float-to-ASCII, floating point, IEEE 754, AVR, 8051

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Number Crunching on a Budget
Custom PIC MCU Solution Trumps PC
Tom Napier
Your expensive desktop PC isn’t always the best solution for all of your number crunching problems. As Tom explains, some computations can be done more economically on a $4 custom programmed PIC microcontroller than on a PC. p. 73

Keywords: Number crunching, PIC, PC, noise generation, bit shifting, memory, speed, power, loops, Gaussian, filter

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Voice Changer Technology
Aviad Bechori, Shlomo Engelberg, & Roi Rapoport
Shlomo, Aviad, and Roi built a voice changer for a research project they undertook for an Israeli police unit. Here they explain everything they learned along the way. p. 76

Keywords: Voice changer, linear predictive coding, single sideband suppressed carrier, modulation, pitch, Simulink, demodulator, MATLAB, FDATool block, modeling, FIR, ADSP-21065, Visual DSP++

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DTMF Decoder
Chris Coulston, Brian Nypaver, & Jeffrey Rimko

Using some serious math and timing-saving design techniques, you can build a PIC18F452 microcontroller-based device that decodes the tones generated by a telephone keypad. Chris, Brian, and Jeffrey describe a system that can decode a touch-tone in 1 s.
p. 80

Keywords: DTMF, PIC18F452, CH1840, POTS, Fourier, FFT, Goertzel

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Crossword

Index of Advertisers

PREVIEW March#188
Robotics
Robot Localization and Control
Outdoor Mobile Robot
Optical Proximity Sensor for Robots (Part 1)
: Simple PCB Design with the gEDA Suite
Image Processing for Robots
Servo Animation Controller
Low-Cost Serial Servo Controller
Digital Compassing:
Build a Tilt-Compensated Digital Magnetic Compass
Concurrent Small C for PIC18 MCUs

APPLIED PCs Remedy for USB-to-MCU Pain: Embedded USB with HIDmaker FS
FROM THE BENCH Simple Robotics Experimentation
SILICON UPDATE FIR Factor