Photo 2—The @loop 1 3 command translates to looping the one line immediately following the @loop command three clock cycle times. Because each clock cycle is 1 ms in duration, the E signal is low for 3 ms, high for 1 ms, and low for a minimum of 3 ms following the transmission of a character or command to the LCD. The E signal pulses and data follow the commands in the LCD initialization area of Listing 2.